OL 5090 Biology P-1 Topical | 2009-2022 | Iram Habib Malik

CONTENT PAGE

Cambridge Syllabus Content for 2021-2022 Exams

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Topic 1: Cell structure and organisation

1.1 Plant and animal cells 18

1.2 Specialised cells, tissues and organs 28

Topic 2: Diffusion and osmosis

2.1 Diffusion 33

2.2 Osmosis 35

2.3 Active transport 41

Topic 3: Enzymes

3.1 Enzyme action 53

3.2 Effects of temperature and pH 55

Topic 4: Plant nutrition

4.1 Photosynthesis 60

4.2 Leaf structure 81

4.3 Mineral nutrition 93

Topic 5: Animal nutrition

5.1 Nutrients 102

5.2 Diet 121

5.3 World food supplies (No Question Available)

5.4 Human alimentary canal 124

5.5 Chemical digestion 126

5.6 Absorption and assimilation 162

Topic 6: Transport in flowering plants

6.1 Water and ion uptake 173

6.2 Transpiration and translocation 184

Topic 7: Transport in humans

7.1 Circulatory system 221

Topic 8: Respiration

8.1 Aerobic respiration 264

8.2 Anaerobic respiration 267

8.3 Human gas exchange 274

Topic 9: Excretion

9.1 Structure and function of kidneys 308

9.2 Kidney dialysis 327

Topic 10: Homeostasis

10.1 Structure and function of the skin 333

Topic 11: Coordination and response

11.1 Nervous system 348

11.2 Receptors 361

11.3 Reflex action 371

11.4 Hormones 376

Topic 12: Support, movement and locomotion

12.1 Bones (No Question Available)

12.2 Joints (No Question Available)

12.3 Antagonistic muscles 385

Topic 13: The use and abuse of drugs

13.1 Antibiotics 393

13.2 Effects of heroin (No Question Available)

13.3 Effects of alcohol 396

13.4 Effects of tobacco smoke 401

Topic 14: Microorganisms and biotechnology

14.1 Microorganisms 409

14.2 Food biotechnology 429

14.3 Industrial biotechnology 441

Topic 15: Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment

15.1 Energy flow 450

15.2 Food chains and food webs 457

15.3 Carbon cycle 476

15.4 Nitrogen cycle 483

15.5 Parasitism 491

15.6 Effects of humans on the ecosystem 497

15.7 Pollution 514

15.8 Conservation 522

Topic 16: Development of organisms and continuity of life

16.1 Asexual reproduction 525

16.2 Sexual reproduction in plants 532

16.3 Sexual reproduction in humans 591

16.4 Sexually transmitted diseases 626

Topic 17: Inheritance

17.1 Variation 637

17.2 Chromosomes and DNA 644

17.3 Monohybrid inheritance 648

17.4 Selection 693

17.5 Genetic engineering 703